Bibliography - Season 3
During the course of Season 3 of our podcast, we have made reference to and relied upon the following written source material. We recommend all of these sources if you are interested in learning more about the issues and people that we have discussed on the podcast:
Ackerman, Bruce. We the People, Volume 1: Foundations (1991)
- Ackerman, Bruce. We the People, Volume 2: Transformations (1998)
- Ackerman, Bruce. We the People, Volume 3: The Civil Rights Revolution (2014)
- Anderson, Carol. One Person, No Vote: How Voter Suppression is Destroying our Democracy (2018)
- Avins, Alfred. The Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871: Some Reflected Light in State Action and the Fourteenth Amendment, 11 St. Louis U. L.J. 331 (1967)
- Ayers, Edward. The Promise of the New South: Life After Reconstruction (2007)
- Baptist, Edward. The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism (2014)
- Beckert, Sven. Empire of Cotton: A Global History (2014)
- Bell, Derrick. Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism (1992)
- Berger, Bethany. Birthright Citizenship on Trial: Elk v. Wilkins and United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 37 Cardozo L. Rev. 1226 (2016)
- Blight, David. Beyond the Battlefield: Race, Memory, and the American Civil War (2002)
- Blight, David. Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom (2018)
- Blight, David. Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory (2001)
- Blight, David. Course Lectures, The Civil War and Reconstruction (HIST 119), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXXp1bHd6gI&list=PL5DD220D6A1282057
- Brands, H.W. The Heirs of the Founders (2018)
- Cannadine, David. Victorious Century: The United Kingdom 1800–1906 (2017)
- Chernow, Ron. Grant (2017)
- Clift, Eleanor. Founding Sisters and the Nineteenth Amendment (2007)
- Delbanco, Andrew. The War Before the War: Fugitive Slaves and the Struggle for America’s Soul from the Revolution to the Civil War (2018)
- Dew, Charles. Apostles of Disunion: Southern Secession Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil War (2001)
- Dionne, Evette. Lifting as We Climb: Black Women’s Battle for the Ballot Box (2020)
- Donald, David Herbert. Charles Sumner and the Coming of the Civil War (1960)
- Douglass, Frederick. Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (1881)
- Dray, Philip. Capitol Men: The Epic Story of Reconstruction Through the Lives of the First Black Congressmen
- Du Bois, W.E.B. Black Reconstruction in America: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880 (1935)
- Egerton, Douglas. The Wars of Reconstruction: The Brief, Violent History of America’s Most Progressive Era (2014)
- Egerton, Douglas. Thunder at the Gates: The Black Civil War Regiments That Redeemed America (2016)
- Epps, Garrett. Democracy Reborn: The Fourteenth Amendment and the Fight for Equal Rights in Post-Civil War America (2006)
- Farber, Daniel. A Fatal Loss of Balance: Dredd Scott Revisited, 39 Pepp. L. Rev. 13 (2011)
- Fehrenbacher, Don (ed.) Lincoln: Speeches and Writings, 1832–1858 (2008)
- Fehrenbacher, Don (ed.) Lincoln: Speeches and Writings, 1859–1865 (1989)
- Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution (Revised Edition), 1863–1877 (2014)
- Foner, Eric. The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution (2019)
- Foreman, Amanda. A World on Fire: Britain’s Crucial Role in the American Civil War (2010)
- Freeman, Joanne. The Field of Blood: Violence in Congress and the Road to Civil War (2018)
- Gates, Henry Louis. Stony the Road: Reconstruction, White Supremacy, and the Rise of Jim Crow (2019)
- Grant, Ulysses. Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant (1885)
- Hahn, Steven. A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration (2003)
- Hogeland, William. Autumn of the Black Snake: George Washington, Mad Anthony Wayne, and the Invasion that Opened the West (2017)
- Horwitz, Tony. Midnight Rising: John Brown and the Raid that Sparked the Civil War (2011)
- Howe, Daniel Walker. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848 (2007)
- Immerwahr, Daniel. How to Hide an Empire: A History of the Greater United States (2019)
- Jones, Martha. Birthright Citizens: A History of Race and Rights in Antebellum America (2018)
- Jones, Martha. Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All (2019)
- Keyssar, Alexander. The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States (2009)
- Klarman, Michael. An Interpretive History of Modern Equal Protection, 90 Mich. L. Rev. 213 (1991)
- Klarman, Michael. From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality (2004)
- Klarman, Michael. The Framer’s Coup: The Making of the United States Constitution (2016)
- Lemann, Nicholas. Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War (2006)
- Levine, Bruce. The Fall of the House of Dixie: The Civil War and the Social Revolution that Transformed the South (2013)
- Magliocca, Gerard. Rediscovering Corfield v. Coryell, 95 N.D. L. Rev. 701 (2020)
- McPherson, James. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (2003)
- Nicoletti, Cynthia. Secession on Trial: The Treason Prosecution of Jefferson Davis (2017)
- Perl-Rosenthal, Nathan. Citizen Sailors: Becoming American in the Age of Revolution (2015)
- Potter, David. The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861 (1976)
- Richards, Leonard. Who Freed the Slaves? The Fight Over the Thirteenth Amendment (2015)
- Robertson, David. Denmark Vesey: The Buried Story of America’s Largest Slave Rebellion and the Man Who Led It (1999)
- Schnapper, Eric. Affirmative Action and the Legislative History of the Fourteenth Amendment, 71 Va. L. Rev. 753 (1985)
- Schoeppner, Michael. Navigating the Dangerous Atlantic: Racial Quarantines, Black Sailors, and United States Constitutionalism (Univ. of Fla. Dissertation 2010)
- Schwartz, Joanna. Police Indemnification, 89 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 885 (2014)
- Sears, Stephen (ed.) The Civil War: The Second Year Told by Those Who Lived It (2012)
- Siegel, Reva. Why Equal Protection No Longer Protects: The Evolving Forms of Status-Enforcing State Action, 49 Stan. L. Rev. 1111 (1997)
- Sheehan-Dean, Aaron (ed.) The Civil War: The Final Year Told by Those Who Lived It (2014)
- Simpson, Brooks; Sears, Stephen; Sheehan-Dean, Aaron (eds.) The Civil War: The First Year Told by Those Who Lived It (2011)
- Simpson, Brooks (ed). The Civil War: The Third Year Told by Those Who Lived It (2013)
- Simpson, Brooks (ed.) Reconstruction: Voices from America’s First Great Struggle for Racial Equality (2018)
- Sinha, Manisha. The Slave’s Cause: A History of Abolition (2016)
- Stampp, Kenneth. America in 1857: A Nation on the Brink (1990)
- Taylor, Alan. The Internal Enemy: Slavery and War in Virginia, 1772–1832 (2013)
- Toll, Ian. Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the U.S. Navy (2006)
- Trowbridge, J.T. A Picture of the Desolated States; and the work of Restoration, 1865–1868 (1868)
- Ware, Susan (ed.) American Women’s Suffrage: Voices from the Long Struggle for the Vote 1776–1965 (2020)
- Weiss, Elaine. The Woman’s Hour: The Great Fight to Win the Vote (2018)
- White, Richard. The Republic for Which it Stands: The United States During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865–1896 (2017)
- Wiecek, William. The Guarantee Clause of the U.S. Constitution (1972)
- Wineapple, Brenda. The Impeachers: The Trial of Andrew Johnson and the Dream of a Just Nation (2019)
- Wood, Gordon. Friends Divided: John Adams and Thomas Jefferson (2017)
- Zuckerman, George David. A Consideration of the History and Present Status of Section 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment, 30 Fordham L. Rev. 1 (1961)
Firm Highlights
Firm News
Firm Achieves Significant Lanham Act Win for Johnson & Johnson
On April 17, 2026, Patterson Belknap secured a significant victory for our clients, Johnson & Johnson and Janssen Biotech, Inc. (“J&J”), when the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York denied a preliminary injunction in a Lanham Act suit filed by Bayer HealthCare LLC (“Bayer”).
The dispute concerned a retrospective scientific study sponsored by J&J that compared the real-world efficacy of both companies’ prostate cancer medications, concluding that J&J’s ERLEADA was associated with a reduction in overall risk of death approximately 50% greater than Bayer’s NUBEQA. Bayer alleged that the study was methodologically flawed, and that J&J’s publication of the study results therefore constituted “false advertising.” The statements at issue included a presentation given by the study authors at a medical...
Firm News
Firm Secures Appellate Victory on Behalf of Brita Products Company
On April 16, 2026, the firm secured an appellate victory on behalf of Brita Products Company ("Brita"), a unit of The Clorox Company, in a putative class action challenging the labeling of Brita's water filtration products. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld a lower court ruling dismissing the complaint, agreeing that the product labeling contained no misstatements and would not mislead a reasonable consumer.
Plaintiff originally sued Brita in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, alleging that certain representations on the products’ labels, such as “Cleaner, Great-Tasting Water,” implied that the filters fully remove all contaminants from tap water or reduce them to levels below lab detection limits. The district court granted Brita’s motion to dismiss...
Publication
Fresenius Ruling May Shift Anti-Kickback Enforcement
When is it illegal to donate to a charity? According to the federal government, when you're a pharmaceutical manufacturer, and the charity helps Medicare patients afford your medicines. The government has argued that such donations may be illegal kickbacks.
Courts have largely agreed with this view, but a recent decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in Fresenius Medical Care Orange County LLC v. Bonta raises new doubts, suggesting that businesses have a First Amendment right to donate to certain charities — even when those donations are motivated by economic self-interest and have distortive economic effects.
To continue reading Jonah Knobler's article in Law360, click here.
Blog Post
All Activity Rings [Patents] Closed—Judge Rochon Grants Motion for Summary Judgment of Non-infringement on Seven Design Patents
Judge Jennifer L. Rochon (S.D.N.Y.) recently granted Defendant Apple, Inc.’s (“Apple”) motions for summary judgment of non-infringement of seven design patents. Plaintiff Michael Shunock (“Shunock”) asserted U.S. Patent Nos.: D956,802; D956,803; D956,804; D956,805; D956,806; D956,807; and D956,808 (together, the “Asserted Patents”) against “Apple’s Activity Rings” used in the Apple Watch and iPhone. Slip Op. at 1-2. The Asserted Patents claim “‘[t]he ornamental design for a display screen with graphical user interface, as shown and described” in various figures. Id. at 12.
Shunock moved for partial summary judgment on invalidity and Apple moved for summary judgment on invalidity and non-infringement. Id. at 1-2. Both parties also moved to preclude expert testimony from opposing experts. Id. at 1-2. The court granted Apple’s...
Event
Geoffrey Potter to Speak at National Association of Boards of Pharmacy 122nd Annual Meeting
On Wednesday, May 13, Partner Geoffrey Potter will present a program at the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy's 122nd Annual Meeting on the illegal importation of pharmaceuticals by alternative funding programs for employer-sponsored health plans. He will open a panel presentation titled "The Increasing Complexity of the Supply Chain: Shining a Light on Alternative Funding Programs and Prescription Drug Facilitators/Non-Dispensing 'Pharmacies.'" He will speak about how millions of insured workers and their families are forced to use dangerous and illegal misbranded medications paid for by their healthcare plans and what pharmacy boards can do to stop it.
To learn more, please click here.
Publication
Ninth Circuit Finds First Amendment Right to Donate to Patient Assistance Charities, With Possible Impact on Enforcement of Federal Anti-Kickback Statute
Last week, the Ninth Circuit issued a published decision striking down California’s Assembly Bill 290 (“AB 290”) on First Amendment grounds. See Fresenius Med. Care Orange Cnty., LLC v. Bonta, No. 24-3654 (9th Cir. Apr. 7, 2026). Its central holding was that providers of medical services have a protected First Amendment right to make donations to patient assistance charities that engage in expressive activity, even if those donations are driven by commercial self-interest. Although the case did not directly involve the federal Anti-Kickback Statute (“AKS”)—or any federal statute—it arguably calls into question the constitutionality of AKS proceedings often brought against pharmaceutical manufacturers that make analogous donations to patient assistance charities out of alleged self-interest.
AB 290, the California statute at issue...
Blog Post
It’s All Relative: Judge Komitee Holds That an Infringing Sale Can Take Place at Multiple Times Both Before and After a Patent Issues
Judge Eric Komitee recently denied a motion to dismiss patent infringement claims accusing flood prevention products sold pursuant to a contract that was entered into before the patent issued but delivered and installed after issuance.
In 2013, plaintiff FloodBreak, LLC filed its patent application for a device that prevents flooding in subway systems. In 2016, while that application was pending, defendants T. Moriarty & Son, Inc. and James P. Moriarty, Jr. (collectively, “TMS”) contracted with the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (“MTA”) to supply flood-mitigation devices for the New York City subway. After the patent issued in 2017, FloodBreak sued TMS’s supplier and obtained a stipulated judgment that its devices infringe. FloodBreak then filed suit against TMS alleging infringement by TMS’s offer...
Blog Post
SEC Enforcement Results for FY 2025: “Unique Period of Transition”
The Securities and Exchange Commission issued a press release on April 7, 2026, announcing the agency’s enforcement results for transitional period under the new presidential administration.[1]
Describing FY 2025 as “a unique period of transition,” the statement pointed to a pulse of enforcement actions initiated between October and December 2024 [2] under outgoing SEC Chair Gary Gensler, critiquing the activity as “unprecedented rush” and the focus as an “aggressive pursuit of novel legal theories.”[3]. Current SEC Chair Paul S. Atkins described the shift as having “redirected resources toward the types of misconduct that inflict the greatest harm—particularly fraud, market manipulation, and abuses of trust.”[4]
During FY 2025, the SEC brought 303 standalone enforcement actions, a combination of civil suits and administrative procedures that...
Event
Justin Zaremby to Speak at American Law Institute’s 2026 Legal Issues in Museum Administration Conference
On Wednesday, April 29, Partner Justin Zaremby will speak on a panel at the American Law Institute's 2026 Legal Issues in Museum Administration conference titled "Structuring Collaborations Between Museums and Third Parties." Mr. Zaremby will join Barbara Andrews (Legal Manager and IACUC Administrator, California Academy of Sciences) and Cristina del Valle (Senior Associate General Counsel, The Metropolitan Museum of Art) to explore important governance, tax, and IP considerations for museums' transactional activities, including corporate sponsorships, licensing, and joint programming with for-profit and nonprofit entities.
To learn more, please click here.
Publication
Department of Labor Proposes New Safe Harbor for Fiduciary Investment Selection in Participant-Directed Retirement Plans
Introduction
On March 24, 2026, the Department of Labor (the “Department”) published proposed regulations (the “Proposed Regulations”) implementing Section 3(c) of President Trump's Executive Order 14330, titled "Democratizing Access to Alternative Assets for 401(k) Investors" (the “Order”). The Proposed Regulations address the fiduciary duty of prudence under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA") related to the selection of investment options for participant-directed individual account plans, including alternative investments as defined under the Order (“Alternative Investments”)[1].
The stated goal of the Proposed Regulations is to alleviate regulatory burdens and litigation risks that, in the Department's view, have interfered with the ability of American workers to achieve sufficiently competitive returns and meaningful asset diversification through their retirement accounts. The Department...
Firm News
Firm Achieves Significant Lanham Act Win for Johnson & Johnson
On April 17, 2026, Patterson Belknap secured a significant victory for our clients, Johnson & Johnson and Janssen Biotech, Inc. (“J&J”), when the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York denied a preliminary injunction in a Lanham Act suit filed by Bayer HealthCare LLC (“Bayer”).
The dispute concerned a retrospective scientific study sponsored by J&J that compared the real-world efficacy of both companies’ prostate cancer medications, concluding that J&J’s ERLEADA was associated with a reduction in overall risk of death approximately 50% greater than Bayer’s NUBEQA. Bayer alleged that the study was methodologically flawed, and that J&J’s publication of the study results therefore constituted “false advertising.” The statements at issue included a presentation given by the study authors at a medical...
Firm News
Firm Secures Appellate Victory on Behalf of Brita Products Company
On April 16, 2026, the firm secured an appellate victory on behalf of Brita Products Company ("Brita"), a unit of The Clorox Company, in a putative class action challenging the labeling of Brita's water filtration products. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld a lower court ruling dismissing the complaint, agreeing that the product labeling contained no misstatements and would not mislead a reasonable consumer.
Plaintiff originally sued Brita in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, alleging that certain representations on the products’ labels, such as “Cleaner, Great-Tasting Water,” implied that the filters fully remove all contaminants from tap water or reduce them to levels below lab detection limits. The district court granted Brita’s motion to dismiss...
Publication
Fresenius Ruling May Shift Anti-Kickback Enforcement
When is it illegal to donate to a charity? According to the federal government, when you're a pharmaceutical manufacturer, and the charity helps Medicare patients afford your medicines. The government has argued that such donations may be illegal kickbacks.
Courts have largely agreed with this view, but a recent decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in Fresenius Medical Care Orange County LLC v. Bonta raises new doubts, suggesting that businesses have a First Amendment right to donate to certain charities — even when those donations are motivated by economic self-interest and have distortive economic effects.
To continue reading Jonah Knobler's article in Law360, click here.
Blog Post
All Activity Rings [Patents] Closed—Judge Rochon Grants Motion for Summary Judgment of Non-infringement on Seven Design Patents
Judge Jennifer L. Rochon (S.D.N.Y.) recently granted Defendant Apple, Inc.’s (“Apple”) motions for summary judgment of non-infringement of seven design patents. Plaintiff Michael Shunock (“Shunock”) asserted U.S. Patent Nos.: D956,802; D956,803; D956,804; D956,805; D956,806; D956,807; and D956,808 (together, the “Asserted Patents”) against “Apple’s Activity Rings” used in the Apple Watch and iPhone. Slip Op. at 1-2. The Asserted Patents claim “‘[t]he ornamental design for a display screen with graphical user interface, as shown and described” in various figures. Id. at 12.
Shunock moved for partial summary judgment on invalidity and Apple moved for summary judgment on invalidity and non-infringement. Id. at 1-2. Both parties also moved to preclude expert testimony from opposing experts. Id. at 1-2. The court granted Apple’s...
Event
Geoffrey Potter to Speak at National Association of Boards of Pharmacy 122nd Annual Meeting
On Wednesday, May 13, Partner Geoffrey Potter will present a program at the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy's 122nd Annual Meeting on the illegal importation of pharmaceuticals by alternative funding programs for employer-sponsored health plans. He will open a panel presentation titled "The Increasing Complexity of the Supply Chain: Shining a Light on Alternative Funding Programs and Prescription Drug Facilitators/Non-Dispensing 'Pharmacies.'" He will speak about how millions of insured workers and their families are forced to use dangerous and illegal misbranded medications paid for by their healthcare plans and what pharmacy boards can do to stop it.
To learn more, please click here.
Publication
Ninth Circuit Finds First Amendment Right to Donate to Patient Assistance Charities, With Possible Impact on Enforcement of Federal Anti-Kickback Statute
Last week, the Ninth Circuit issued a published decision striking down California’s Assembly Bill 290 (“AB 290”) on First Amendment grounds. See Fresenius Med. Care Orange Cnty., LLC v. Bonta, No. 24-3654 (9th Cir. Apr. 7, 2026). Its central holding was that providers of medical services have a protected First Amendment right to make donations to patient assistance charities that engage in expressive activity, even if those donations are driven by commercial self-interest. Although the case did not directly involve the federal Anti-Kickback Statute (“AKS”)—or any federal statute—it arguably calls into question the constitutionality of AKS proceedings often brought against pharmaceutical manufacturers that make analogous donations to patient assistance charities out of alleged self-interest.
AB 290, the California statute at issue...
