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How to Build a Nation in 15 Weeks

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Posts
Bibliography - Seasons 1 & 2
Bibliography - Season 3

Week 16, Part 2: Get the People to Sign Off

The Constitution goes public, and Congress sends it to the states for consideration. Adams and Jefferson react, and confirm that the delegates probably should have added a Bill of Rights. The Federalists and Anti-Federalists square off. The states ratify and create...
September 20, 2018

Week 16, Part 1: Look for Unanimity, if You Can Find It

A little-known clerk inscribes the parchment we all know. Franklin urges unanimity in supporting the Constitution and proposes a convenient form of signing, but Randolph, Gerry, and Mason aren’t impressed. Washington speaks up for a more representative House, and a final...
September 18, 2018

Week 15, Part 2: Don’t Forget a Bill of Rights

Mason seeks a few hours to add a Bill of Rights. The delegates reject the idea, but regret it later. Everyone ends up with a different understanding of the commerce clause. The delegates have a raucous party at the City...
September 13, 2018

Week 15, Part 1: Leave the Door Open for Change

Gerry worries about weakening the role of the states in the amendment process; Hamilton wants to leave them out altogether. Wilson declares it worse than folly for Congress to have a say in ratification. The Committee of Style offers a...
September 11, 2018

Week 14, Part 2: Find Something for the Vice President to Do

The delegates debate the duties of the Vice President, where he belongs, and if he’s even necessary. Particular powers of the executive are considered, and the delegates fleetingly revisit impeachment. Mason resurrects the Privy Council to advise on appointments, but King kills...
September 6, 2018

Week 14, Part 1: Don’t Elect a Minion or a Monster

The delegates discuss the limits of ineligibility. Madison has a change of heart regarding general welfare. The delegates introduce the Vice President (finally). Morris methodically defends the electoral college, Rutledge tries to stall, and Gerry makes things needlessly complicated (again). Wilson...
September 4, 2018

Week 13, Part 2: Fill in the Blanks

The delegates debate the addition of new states to the union. Connecticut sticks up for Vermont, Wilson freaks out, and Martin gets in some good zingers. The delegates decide how many states should be required for ratification after some complex proposals. Morris...
August 30, 2018

Week 13, Part 1: Don’t Go Back on Your Word

The delegates return to the pardon power. Sherman proposes federalizing state militias. Dickinson tries to expand judicial impeachment. Pinckney protects religious liberty. Randolph loses his cool. The delegates debate supermajority requirements for laws regulating commerce after some Southern delegates walk away from their promises....
August 28, 2018

Week 12, Part 2: Don’t Defer Critical Issues for Two Decades

Luther Martin rails against slavery, and Georgia and South Carolina rail back. An awful compromise is reached based on some unexpected alliances. Mason advocates for sumptuary laws, but the other delegates decide that the law of necessity is enough. The...
August 23, 2018

Week 12, Part 1: Good Rules Shouldn’t Go Without Saying

Pinckney proposes incorporating individual rights, but the delegates don’t have much interest. Treason is narrowly defined by the Convention. The delegates debate ex post facto laws, and Wilson assumes a bit too much. The delegates revisit the issue of slavery,...
August 21, 2018

Week 11, Part 2: Fight about Fighting

The delegates worry about insurrection, but dispute when the national government can step in. Gerry tries to limit the size of standing armies. Washington gets sarcastic. The Convention gives Congress the exclusive power to “declare” war, but gives the President...
August 16, 2018

Week 11, Part 1: Wrap Up Some Loose Ends (and Create a Few More)

The delegates narrowly decide against relaxing citizenship requirements. The Convention debates the Senate’s ability to alter spending bills. Dickinson urges experience as the only guide, as “reason may mislead us,” Madison notes some ambiguities, and Randolph and Rutledge worry about...
August 14, 2018

Bonus Episode: Interview with Professor Mary Bilder

In this bonus episode, we had the pleasure of speaking with Professor Mary Bilder, the author of Madison’s Hand: Revising the Constitutional Convention, a detailed study of Madison’s Notes of the Constitutional Convention. We discussed the nature of legislative diaries...
August 13, 2018

Week 10, Part 2: Don’t Forget Who Got You This Far

Morris tries to save the country from aristocracy through aristocracy.  Pinckney takes things too far on behalf of the 1%. Conflicting principles and pragmatic concerns prevent the adoption of property restrictions. The delegates debate citizenship requirements, disregarding the feelings of...
August 9, 2018

Week 10, Part 1: Always Sweat the Details

The delegates gradually return from recess, though New Jersey takes its time crossing the river. The Committee of Detail takes some liberties in drafting. The draft constitution is distributed, and Maryland receives it poorly. Madison fears too many congressmen. The...
August 7, 2018

Week 9, Part 2: Get It in Writing

The delegates brainstorm ever-wilder methods for selecting the executive, but end up back where they started. Franklin argues that leaving public office is a promotion, and gets sassed by Morris. Mason proposes property qualifications for elected officials, but Madison stands...
July 26, 2018

Week 9, Part 1: Don’t Choose Your President with a Game Show

New Hampshire finally shows up, without a per diem. The delegates debate the process for ratification and whether state legislatures can be trusted to do anything right. Nathaniel Gorham asks what will happen if Rhode Island won’t play along. Everyone...
July 24, 2018

Week 8, Part 2: When in Doubt, Keep it Vague

The delegates revisit the Executive Power. The Judicial Branch finally comes up again and the delegates debate how to pick judges. Nathaniel Gorham proposes that the Executive pick judges with the Senate’s “advice and consent,” though nobody really knows what...
July 19, 2018

Week 8, Part 1: Compromise! (If You Can’t Beat Them, Join Them)

The delegates finally compromise on representation when the large states throw in the towel. Roger Sherman tries to protect state police powers. The delegates reject a veto of state legislation but unanimously support making federal laws supreme. The Patterson team...
July 17, 2018

Week 7, Part 2: Call Things By Their True Names

Debate continues on whether and how to account for enslaved people in determining representation in the legislature.  The North-South divide widens.  The delegates tie representation to taxation and approve the three-fifths ratio for both.  The delegates try to semantically conceal...
July 12, 2018

Week 7, Part 1: Confront the Paradox at Your Nation’s Core (Or Don’t)

The delegates debate how to apportion representation in the lower house. The Morris Committee proposes an allocation based on guesswork. The King Committee proposes an alternative based on counting three-fifths of enslaved people. The delegates debate whether and how to factor enslaved people...
July 10, 2018

Week 6, Part 2: Don’t Underestimate the Power of a Mid-Week Vacation

The delegates celebrate Independence Day. Gerry presents the committee’s proposal to the Convention with diffidence. A subcommittee is formed to address the calculation of proportional representation. The Patterson team ponders the Spirit of ’76, the benefits of some time off, and the...
July 5, 2018

Week 6, Part 1: If All Else Fails, Try a Committee

Delegates start to flee the Convention. Hamilton and Washington get pessimistic. The delegates deadlock over proportional versus equal state representation. Connecticut renews its proposal. The Gerry Committee tackles the question of legislative representation after being stacked with small-state friendly delegates. The Patterson team...
July 3, 2018

Bonus Episode: Interview with Professor Joshua Matz

On this special bonus episode, we had the pleasure of interviewing Joshua Matz, author with Professor Laurence Tribe of the excellent new book To End a Presidency: The Power of Impeachment. Joshua discussed with us what we can learn from the...
July 2, 2018

Week 5, Part 2: Maybe Say a Prayer?

The delegates debate whether Senators should be paid. South Carolina argues for rule by the wealthy. The delegates agree on six-year Senate terms. Ben Franklin suggests the convention seek divine inspiration. The Patterson team considers how much democracy is too...
June 28, 2018

Week 5, Part 1: Don't Mortify The Other Delegates

Luther Martin delivers a two-day speech with much diffuseness. Madison argues the small states have nothing to fear.  Connecticut proposes a compromise. The mood amongst the delegates continues to deteriorate. Madison accuses Connecticut of failing to support to war effort....
June 26, 2018

Week 4, Part 2: Try to Keep Your Cool When Your Plan Falls Apart

The convention falls into chaos.  Madison’s judgment slips, and he makes not-so-veiled threats against small states.  Additional delegates try to push their own extreme visions.  Connecticut tries to restore peace. 
June 21, 2018

Week 4, Part 1: Read the Room

Hamilton finally speaks up, keeps speaking straight through lunch, damages his reputation, and is otherwise ignored.  The benefits and perils of an elective monarchy and legislature.  The Patterson team revisits the utility of the electoral college, muses about Old Bacon...
June 19, 2018

Week 3: Don’t Push Your Plan Too Far

The Large States and Deep South support one another. Gerry takes on the three-fifths compromise. New Jersey stalls for time and introduces an alternative plan for a federal government. The Patterson team  takes the New Jersey plan seriously.
June 13, 2018

Week 2, Part 2: Figure Out Who Judges the Judges

Delegates debate whether lower federal courts are worth the money and how to select judges. Franklin makes an unorthodox proposal. The council of revision resurfaces and the judicial veto is rejected. The delegates debate the method of electing Senators. Wilson...
June 7, 2018

Week 2, Part 1: Push Past Your Fear of Kings

Virginia presses its plan with broad outlines for the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Fear and loathing of a return to a monarchy. The delegates nonetheless opt for a single executive, with a veto, but defer how they will be elected....
June 5, 2018

Week 1: Showing Up is Half the Battle

The convention opens. The Virginia delegation introduces its plan for Government including a national executive, national judiciary, and, crucially, proportional representation in the national legislature. The small states are not pleased. Pinckney’s plan is ignored. The Patterson team takes an historical detour...
May 30, 2018

Introduction: “The difficulty of the crisis, and the necessity of preventing the fulfilment of the prophecies of the American downfall.”

Introducing a new podcast from Patterson Belknap Webb & Tyler LLP. Who we are and what we do. The constant presence of the constitution in our daily civic life, and the benefits of discussing and learning from it. General approach...
May 23, 2018

Page 2 of 2

About This Podcast

Building a nation in 15 weeks may sound like a daunting summer project, but that’s just what happened at the Constitutional Convention in the summer of 1787. The first season of our podcast revisits the hottest topics from that convention, week by week, and tracks their current place in our legal and political landscape. In our second season, that same analysis is brought to the history of the Constitution in the early republic era in the first few decades of our country’s history, from ratification to the Bill of Rights to the early amendments. Our third season moves forward to cover the Reconstruction era, including the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, and the 19th amendment, ratified in 1920. Building on our study of history and our experience as attorneys, we ask questions that tie the past to the present: Does today’s Supreme Court think about separation of powers in the same way that the Committee of Detail did? How did the Constitution overcome anti-Federalist opposition to get ratified? What was the intended scope of the 14th Amendment? These are some of the questions that our co-hosts, former Assistant U.S. Attorney and frequent legal commentator Harry Sandick and commercial litigator and history enthusiast Jon Hatch will examine in a roundtable format, along with their colleagues at Patterson Belknap.

Podcast Contributors

  • Contact Harry Sandick.

    Harry Sandick

    212.336.2723

    Email

  • Contact Andrew I. Haddad.

    Andrew I. Haddad

    212.336.2331

    Email

  • Contact Joshua Kipnees.

    Joshua Kipnees

    212.336.2838

    Email

  • Contact Tara J. Norris.

    Tara J. Norris

    212.336.2847

    Email

  • Contact Julie A. Simeone.

    Julie A. Simeone

    212.336.2086

    Email

Posts
Bibliography - Seasons 1 & 2
Bibliography - Season 3

Firm Highlights

Event
Michael Arlein to Speak on Barbri Webinar
On Thursday, October 1, Partner Michael Arlein will speak on a Barbri webinar titled "Planning for Cryptocurrency Investors: Estate Planning, Asset Protection, and Investments." Mr. Arlein will be joined by Matt E. Kirk (Partner, Holland & Knight) to explore the latest developments in federal cryptocurrency regulations and their impact on asset management and share effective planning strategies for owning and investing in cryptocurrency. To learn more, please click here.
Publication
DOJ Revises Justice Manual to Strengthen False Claims Act Enforcement
On September 18, 2026, the Department of Justice announced two revisions to the Justice Manual aimed at strengthening False Claims Act (“FCA”) enforcement. The first revision reinforces DOJ's longstanding position that sub-regulatory guidance cannot impose legal obligations beyond those established by statute or regulation. The second—and, for companies facing qui tam litigation exposure, the more consequential—directs DOJ attorneys to consider exercising the government's dismissal authority when it declines to intervene in a qui tam action. In particular, where the government does not seek immediate dismissal, the new guidance calls for DOJ to revisit that assessment as the litigation progresses. In other words, when DOJ declines to join a whistleblower lawsuit, its attorneys are now encouraged to affirmatively dismiss unmeritorious complaints....
Blog Post
AI Companies Find Value in Bankrupt Companies
Spirit Airlines filed for bankruptcy in November 2024 and, after emerging from bankruptcy, filed again in August 2025. During the second case, the company tried to find a way to keep the airline in business but to no avail. In May 2026, Spirit Airlines pivoted towards a wind-down and ceased operations. This summer, as a part of its wind-down, Spirit Airlines began marketing its remaining assets. It had plenty of traditional assets to sell. For example, the debtors’ bid procedures motion filed in May 2026 listed the following assets: takeoff and landing slots at LaGuardia Airport; aircraft hangar(s); corporate headquarters; training center; multi-family residential buildings; ground service equipment; spare engines; flight simulators; aircraft maintenance equipment; and assets related to the...
Blog Post
You Win Some and Lose Some: Judge Liman Decides Competing Motions to Compel
On September 4, 2026, District Judge Lewis J. Liman (S.D.N.Y.) granted in part and denied in part Plaintiff Lashify, Inc.’s (“Lashify”) motion to compel discovery and denied Defendants Qingdao Network Technology Co., Ltd., d/b/a UCoolMe and Vivicute Limited’s (“UCoolMe”) motion to compel. Lashify, Inc. v. Qingdao Network Tech. Co., Ltd., No. 25-cv-4183 (S.D.N.Y. Sep. 4, 2026). Lashify’s Motion to Compel Lashify moved to compel UCoolMe to provide responses to discovery requests relating to: (i) product samples and raw materials; (ii) manufacturing; (iii) employees and supply chain; (iv) marketing; and (v) finances. Id. at *2. The Court found that each of those topics were relevant under Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(a) and that UCoolMe did not sufficiently respond to discovery requests related to...
Firm News
Barbara Mullin Named Among Benchmark Litigation’s 2026 Top 250 Women in Litigation
Partner Barbara Mullin has been named one of Benchmark Litigation’s 2026 Top 250 Women in Litigation. The ranking uses an extensive research process, including “months of investigation into individual litigators’ professional activities as well as client feedback surveys and one-on-one interviews” to identify women who are “top players” in their field. To learn more, please click here.
Firm News
Firm Secures Complete Patent Litigation Victory on Behalf of J&J
On August 31, 2026, Patterson Belknap secured a victory on behalf of Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson) in a Hatch-Waxman patent infringement litigation relating to Spravato®, its blockbuster esketamine nasal spray approved for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression and major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation. This litigation was initiated after an ANDA filing by Sandoz, Inc. (“Sandoz”) in 2023, seeking FDA approval for its generic version of Spravato. Janssen asserted that Sandoz’s proposed generic product would infringe certain claims of U.S. Patent Nos. 11,446,260, 10,869,844; 11,173,134; and 11,311,500.  Sandoz counterclaimed for declaratory judgment that each of the asserted patent claims was invalid under 35 U.S.C. §103 and/or § 112.  On August 31, 2026, the U.S. District...
Blog Post
SEC Enforcement Launches New Financial Reporting and Accounting Unit
On August 5, 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission announced its most recent step in its shift of enforcement priorities with the establishment of a new Financial Reporting and Accounting Unit.[1] According to the SEC’s press release, the Unit will operate within the Enforcement Division as a central resource for all SEC divisions pursuing financial reporting fraud as well as broader efforts.[2] This move is the latest in Chair Atkin’s efforts to “retur[n] the agency to its core mission of protecting investors; facilitating capital formation; and maintaining fair, orderly, and efficient markets.”[3] Commenting on the new unit’s launch, David Woodcock, Director of the Agency’s Enforcement Division, stated: Since my return to the Division, I have been assessing every aspect of our staffing to...
Event
Greg Baker to Speak at Practising Law Institute's Broker/Dealer Regulation and Enforcement 2026
On Thursday, October 8, Partner Greg Baker will speak on a panel at the Practising Law Institute's Broker/Dealer Regulation and Enforcement 2026 conference titled "Ethical Issues Facing Lawyers in the Financial Services Industry." Mr. Baker will join James Q. Walker (Partner, Ashurst Perkins Coie), Allison Cambria (Head of Litigation and Regulatory Enforcement - Americas, Deutsche Bank), Ilene B. Marquardt (Head of Legal Engagement, Client Relationship Group, Wells Fargo Advisors), and Christopher K. Williams (Associate General Counsel, Fidelity Investments) to share guidance on managing conflicts of interest and privilege issues. To learn more, please click here.
Publication
Pharmacy Benefit Managers in the Crosshairs of Enforcement and Reform
Pharmacy benefit managers have been in the crosshairs of enforcement and reform efforts for several years. At the federal level, the Federal Trade Commission has obtained favorable settlements for the government, and Congress passed PBM reform in the Comprehensive Appropriations Act in February. Some states have also enacted their own legislation, which has become the latest battleground as PBMs level constitutional challenges to state efforts to regulate PBMs’ limitations on where and how patients can fill prescriptions. The outcome of these challenges may dictate whether other states take similar action, and whether PBM influence on pharmacy selection continues to grow. To continue reading Amy N. Vegari and Sarah Brand Wasson's article in The National Law Journal, please click here.
Publication
DOJ Issues Press Release on Liability for Unregistered Foreign Agents
On September 16, 2026, the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) issued a press release “remind[ing] the public of federal laws that require individuals to register as foreign agents when they act in the United States at the direction or control of a foreign government or foreign principal, and that they will face civil and criminal liability if they fail to do so.” The press release points specifically to two federal laws that require such registration: the Foreign Agents Registration Act (“FARA”), 22 U.S.C. § 611 et seq., and 18 U.S.C. § 951. The press release is a departure from former Attorney General Pam Bondi’s February 5, 2025 memorandum to DOJ employees, which directed that criminal charges under FARA should be limited...
Event
Michael Arlein to Speak on Barbri Webinar
On Thursday, October 1, Partner Michael Arlein will speak on a Barbri webinar titled "Planning for Cryptocurrency Investors: Estate Planning, Asset Protection, and Investments." Mr. Arlein will be joined by Matt E. Kirk (Partner, Holland & Knight) to explore the latest developments in federal cryptocurrency regulations and their impact on asset management and share effective planning strategies for owning and investing in cryptocurrency. To learn more, please click here.
Publication
DOJ Revises Justice Manual to Strengthen False Claims Act Enforcement
On September 18, 2026, the Department of Justice announced two revisions to the Justice Manual aimed at strengthening False Claims Act (“FCA”) enforcement. The first revision reinforces DOJ's longstanding position that sub-regulatory guidance cannot impose legal obligations beyond those established by statute or regulation. The second—and, for companies facing qui tam litigation exposure, the more consequential—directs DOJ attorneys to consider exercising the government's dismissal authority when it declines to intervene in a qui tam action. In particular, where the government does not seek immediate dismissal, the new guidance calls for DOJ to revisit that assessment as the litigation progresses. In other words, when DOJ declines to join a whistleblower lawsuit, its attorneys are now encouraged to affirmatively dismiss unmeritorious complaints....
Blog Post
AI Companies Find Value in Bankrupt Companies
Spirit Airlines filed for bankruptcy in November 2024 and, after emerging from bankruptcy, filed again in August 2025. During the second case, the company tried to find a way to keep the airline in business but to no avail. In May 2026, Spirit Airlines pivoted towards a wind-down and ceased operations. This summer, as a part of its wind-down, Spirit Airlines began marketing its remaining assets. It had plenty of traditional assets to sell. For example, the debtors’ bid procedures motion filed in May 2026 listed the following assets: takeoff and landing slots at LaGuardia Airport; aircraft hangar(s); corporate headquarters; training center; multi-family residential buildings; ground service equipment; spare engines; flight simulators; aircraft maintenance equipment; and assets related to the...
Blog Post
You Win Some and Lose Some: Judge Liman Decides Competing Motions to Compel
On September 4, 2026, District Judge Lewis J. Liman (S.D.N.Y.) granted in part and denied in part Plaintiff Lashify, Inc.’s (“Lashify”) motion to compel discovery and denied Defendants Qingdao Network Technology Co., Ltd., d/b/a UCoolMe and Vivicute Limited’s (“UCoolMe”) motion to compel. Lashify, Inc. v. Qingdao Network Tech. Co., Ltd., No. 25-cv-4183 (S.D.N.Y. Sep. 4, 2026). Lashify’s Motion to Compel Lashify moved to compel UCoolMe to provide responses to discovery requests relating to: (i) product samples and raw materials; (ii) manufacturing; (iii) employees and supply chain; (iv) marketing; and (v) finances. Id. at *2. The Court found that each of those topics were relevant under Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(a) and that UCoolMe did not sufficiently respond to discovery requests related to...
Firm News
Barbara Mullin Named Among Benchmark Litigation’s 2026 Top 250 Women in Litigation
Partner Barbara Mullin has been named one of Benchmark Litigation’s 2026 Top 250 Women in Litigation. The ranking uses an extensive research process, including “months of investigation into individual litigators’ professional activities as well as client feedback surveys and one-on-one interviews” to identify women who are “top players” in their field. To learn more, please click here.
Firm News
Firm Secures Complete Patent Litigation Victory on Behalf of J&J
On August 31, 2026, Patterson Belknap secured a victory on behalf of Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson) in a Hatch-Waxman patent infringement litigation relating to Spravato®, its blockbuster esketamine nasal spray approved for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression and major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation. This litigation was initiated after an ANDA filing by Sandoz, Inc. (“Sandoz”) in 2023, seeking FDA approval for its generic version of Spravato. Janssen asserted that Sandoz’s proposed generic product would infringe certain claims of U.S. Patent Nos. 11,446,260, 10,869,844; 11,173,134; and 11,311,500.  Sandoz counterclaimed for declaratory judgment that each of the asserted patent claims was invalid under 35 U.S.C. §103 and/or § 112.  On August 31, 2026, the U.S. District...
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